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Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
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Dual function of activated PPARγ by ligands on tumor growth and immunotherapy

Mingjun Chen1, Huijie Wang1, Qian Cui1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.

Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England)
|April 15, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has a dual role in cancer, potentially inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis but sometimes promoting it. Its impact on cancer immunotherapy also remains complex.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor regulating metabolism, proliferation, and immune responses.
  • PPARγ activation has been linked to both inhibition and promotion of cancer progression across various cancer types.
  • Its role in tumor immunotherapy, influencing macrophage and T cell activity, is also under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the controversial and dual role of PPARγ in tumor progression.
  • To discuss the impact of PPARγ on cancer immunotherapy.
  • To explore the reasons behind conflicting findings regarding PPARγ in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating PPARγ in cancer.
  • Analysis of research on PPARγ's effects on cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis.
  • Examination of studies on PPARγ's influence on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • PPARγ activation inhibits proliferation, metastasis, and growth in several cancers (e.g., breast, colon, lung, bladder) and induces apoptosis.
  • Conversely, some studies indicate PPARγ activation is associated with enhanced tumor growth.
  • PPARγ modulates tumor immunotherapy by affecting macrophage differentiation and T cell activity, with varied outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • PPARγ exhibits a dual role in cancer progression and immunotherapy.
  • Conflicting results may stem from differences in cancer cell types, experimental conditions, and specific ligands used.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the precise mechanisms and therapeutic potential of PPARγ in oncology.
Keywords:
ImmunotherapyLigandsPPARγTumor progression

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