Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
Next,...

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...

Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - II

Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - II

A rigid body is in static equilibrium when the net force and the net torque acting on the system are equal to zero.
Consider two children sitting on a seesaw, which has negligible mass. The first child has a mass (m1) of 26 kg and sits at point A, which is 1.6 meters (r1) from the pivot point B; the second child has a mass (m2) of 32 kg and sits at point C. How far from the pivot point B should the second child sit (r2) to balance the seesaw?

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Form follows force: Activation-dependent, 3D ultrasound-imaging-based analysis of human tibialis anterior's muscle architecture.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2026

Same author

Lempel-Ziv complexity of simultaneous surface electromyography and magnetomyography during muscle fatigue.

Journal of neural engineering·2026

Same author

Pretreatment Lactate Dehydrogenase-to-Albumin Ratio and Clinical Outcomes in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Real-World Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026

Same author

Identifying high-risk groups for recurrence in endometrial cancer: The role of ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO risk classification.

Journal of cancer research and therapeutics·2026

Same author

The variability of reflex amplitude estimates in motor unit pools depends on the phenotype distribution and discharge statistics.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Dynamic balance of myoplasmic energetics, redox state and protons in a fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic skeletal muscle fibre.

The Journal of physiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Determining a musculoskeletal system's pre-stretched state using continuum-mechanical forward modelling and joint

Okan Avci¹, Oliver Röhrle²

¹Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. okan.avci@ipa.fraunhofer.de.

Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology

|April 15, 2024

Summary

Determining muscle fiber pre-stretch is crucial for understanding joint range of motion. This study developed an optimization process to accurately calculate muscle pre-stretch, vital for biomechanical analysis and clinical applications.

Keywords:

Computational finite element modelling Continuum–mechanical muscle model Elbow muscle–tendon-complex Forward musculoskeletal system simulation In silico orthopaedics Pre-stretched joint system optimization

More Related Videos

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics

Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics

Published on: April 16, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Published on: August 30, 2016

Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics

Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics

Published on: April 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Musculoskeletal modeling
Computational biology

Background:

Muscle pre-tension influences joint range of motion (RoM) and contraction.
In vivo measurement of muscle pre-stretch is currently not feasible.
Accurate muscle fiber pre-stretch is critical for understanding biomechanical function and pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an optimization process for determining muscle fiber pre-stretches in the forearm.
To analyze the influence of individual muscle pre-stretches on forearm flexion and extension RoM.
To establish the importance of accurate pre-stretch determination for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized a 3D continuum mechanical forward simulation for motion analysis.
Developed an optimization process to calculate muscle fiber pre-stretches based on human forearm data.
Employed RoM values from a healthy individual to balance flexion and extension motion.

Main Results:

Identified dominant muscles (m. brachialis, m. biceps brachii, m. triceps brachii) influencing the objective flexion ratio.
Revealed a negative correlation between two flexor pre-stretches and a positive correlation with the primary extensor (m. triceps brachii) along the optimal path.
Demonstrated significant deviations (up to 15 degrees in motion, 40% in muscle force) when comparing global optimum with other solutions.

Conclusions:

Accurate determination of muscle fiber pre-stretch is essential for precise biomechanical modeling.
The findings highlight the critical role of pre-stretch in normal joint function and potential for pathological disorders.
This method has implications for surgical applications like free muscle or tendon transfer, improving outcomes.