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Gender-Ambiguous Voices and Social Disfluency.

Shahryar Mohsenin1, Kurt P Munz1

  • 1Department of Marketing, Bocconi University.

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Gender-ambiguous voices in voice assistants may cause negative reactions due to unfamiliarity, leading to less favorable product ratings. Increased exposure can help overcome these initial social disfluency effects.

Keywords:
familiarityfluencygenderopen dataopen materialsprejudicepreregisteredsocial categorizationvoice

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Psychology
  • Sociolinguistics

Background:

  • Voice assistants increasingly incorporate gender-ambiguous (nonbinary) voices to promote inclusivity and challenge gender stereotypes.
  • Negative user reactions to these voices could undermine their intended benefits, potentially proving counterproductive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate user reactions to gender-ambiguous voices in voice assistants.
  • To understand the psychological mechanisms behind these reactions and explore potential solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Five preregistered studies involving 3,684 adult participants.
  • Participants rated products described by narrators with gender-ambiguous, male, or female voices.
  • Evaluated subjective feelings of unease and familiarity.

Main Results:

  • Products described by gender-ambiguous voices were rated less favorably than those described by male or female voices.
  • A feeling of unease, termed 'social disfluency,' was associated with gender-ambiguous voices.
  • Lower familiarity with ambiguous voices best explained the negative evaluations.

Conclusions:

  • Initial negative reactions to gender-ambiguous voices are common and linked to social disfluency.
  • These negative effects appear to stem from low familiarity, suggesting that increased exposure may mitigate them.
  • Further exposure could improve user acceptance of nonbinary voices in technology.