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Related Concept Videos

Lifestyle Factors and Health01:20

Lifestyle Factors and Health

46
Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

Dimensions of Health and Illness

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insights into Cardiometabolic Diseases with Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Microvasculature Studies
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The Urban Environment and Cardiometabolic Health.

Sanjay Rajagopalan1, Armando Vergara-Martel1, Jeffrey Zhong1

  • 1Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (S.R., A.V.-M., J.Z., I.J.N., J.-E.D., Z.C.).

Circulation
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cities significantly impact global cardiometabolic diseases through environmental exposures. Sustainable urban planning can create healthier cities, benefiting both human heart health and the environment.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasesenvironmenthealth disparity, minority, and vulnerable populationsurban population

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Urban Planning
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Urban environments are complex systems influencing health through exposures like pollution and noise.
  • City infrastructure impacts behaviors, stress, nutrition, and physical activity, contributing to cardiometabolic diseases.
  • Urban development also affects climate change, sharing drivers with cardiometabolic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking the urban exposome to cardiometabolic diseases within a systems science framework.
  • To examine urban planning principles for optimizing cardiometabolic health.
  • To discuss strategies for aligning urban development with cardiometabolic disease mitigation and climate change reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on urban exposome and cardiometabolic diseases.
  • Analysis of urban planning principles (connectivity, density, land use diversity, accessibility).
  • Examination of systems science frameworks and cross-sector collaboration models.

Main Results:

  • Urban exposures significantly contribute to the global burden of cardiometabolic diseases.
  • Integrated spatial planning for sustainable cities can promote both heart health and environmental health.
  • Knowledge gaps exist regarding built-environment thresholds for cardiometabolic health optimization.

Conclusions:

  • Cities are critical settings for interventions targeting cardiovascular disease and climate change.
  • Sustainable urban design offers a dual benefit for public health and environmental sustainability.
  • Cross-sector collaboration and community engagement are vital for aligning urban development goals.