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Emotional Impact on Health Personnel, Medical Students, and General Population Samples During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi1, Hever Krüger-Malpartida2,3, Martin Arevalo-Flores2,3
1Cognitive Neurosciences, Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.
Background:
The aim of the study is to compare the emotional effects of COVID-19 among three different groups, namely: health personnel, medical students, and a sample of the general population.
Methods:
375 participants were recruited for this study, of which 125 were medical students (preclinical studies, 59; clinical studies, 66), 125 were health personnel (COVID-19 frontline personnel, 59; personnel not related with COVID-19, 66), and 125 belonged to the general population. The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and CPDI scales were used to assess the emotional impact. A multinomial logistic regression was performed to measure differences between groups, considering potential confounding factors.
Results:
Regarding CPDI values, all other groups showed reduced values compared to COVID-19 frontline personnel. However, the general population, preclinical and clinical medical students showed increased PHQ-9 values compared to COVID-19 frontline personnel. Finally, confounding factors, gender and age correlated negatively with higher CPDI and PHQ-9 scores.
Conclusions:
Being frontline personnel is associated with increased COVID-19-related stress. Depression is associated, however, with other groups not directly involved with the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Female gender and younger age correlated with COVID-19-related depression and stress.
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