Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Choosing Between z and t Distribution01:25

Choosing Between z and t Distribution

2.8K
The z and the Student t distribution estimate the population mean using the sample mean and standard deviation. However, to decide which distribution to use for a calculation, one needs to determine the sample size, the nature of the distribution, and whether the population standard deviation is known. If the population standard deviation is known and the population is normally distributed, or if the sample size is greater than 30, the z distribution is preferred. The Student t distribution is...
2.8K
Probability Distributions01:32

Probability Distributions

6.9K
 The probability of a random variable x  is the likelihood of its occurrence. A probability distribution represents the probabilities of a random variable using a formula, graph, or table. There are two types of probability distribution– discrete probability distribution and continuous probability distribution.
A discrete probability distribution is a probability distribution of discrete random variables. It can be categorized into binomial probability distribution and Poisson...
6.9K
Uniform Distribution01:19

Uniform Distribution

4.9K
The uniform distribution is a continuous probability distribution of events with an equal probability of occurrence. This distribution is rectangular.
Two essential properties of this distribution are
4.9K
Distribution and Dispersion00:54

Distribution and Dispersion

21.8K
To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
21.8K
Poisson Probability Distribution01:09

Poisson Probability Distribution

8.0K
A Poisson probability distribution is a discrete probability distribution. It gives the probability of a number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space if these events happen at a known average rate and independently of the time since the last event. For example, a book editor might be interested in the number of words spelled incorrectly in a particular book. It might be that, on average, there are five words spelled incorrectly in 100 pages. The interval is 100 pages.
The...
8.0K
Probability Histograms01:17

Probability Histograms

11.4K
A probability histogram is a visual representation of a probability distribution. Similar a typical histogram, the probability histogram consists of contiguous (adjoining) boxes. It has both a horizontal axis and a vertical axis. The horizontal axis is labeled with what the data represents. The vertical axis is labeled with probability. Each rectangular bar in the histogram is 1 unit wide, which suggests that the area under each bar equals the probability, P(x), where x is 1, 2, 3, and so on.
11.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Challenges and prospects for malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion.

Acta tropica·2011
Same author

[Optimization of extraction procedure of tongmai granules by orthogonal design with pharmacodynamic index].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2011
Same author

Determinants of postoperative corneal edema and impact on goldmann intraocular pressure.

Cornea·2011
Same author

Z-palatopharyngoplasty plus genioglossus advancement and hyoid suspension for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2011
Same author

Efficient and selective photodimerization of 2-naphthalenecarbonitrile mediated by cucurbit[8]uril in an aqueous solution.

Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology·2011
Same author

Quality assurance and quality improvement in U.S. clinical molecular genetic laboratories.

Current protocols in human genetics·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

9.9K

Nonlinear-tolerant two-dimensional distribution matcher scheme for probabilistic shaping.

Yanan Luo, Bin Chen, Qin Huang

    Optics Letters
    |April 15, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new two-dimensional distribution matcher (2D-DM) to improve nonlinear tolerance in communication systems. By optimizing constellation points, the 2D-DM enhances signal integrity against amplifier and fiber nonlinearities.

    More Related Videos

    Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions
    11:22

    Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions

    Published on: January 30, 2018

    10.1K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    00:07

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    8.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    9.9K
    Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions
    11:22

    Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions

    Published on: January 30, 2018

    10.1K
    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    00:07

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    8.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Signal Processing
    • Digital Modulation

    Background:

    • Probabilistically shaped quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is susceptible to nonlinear distortions.
    • Existing methods for mitigating nonlinearity in QAM may have limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel nonlinear-tolerant two-dimensional distribution matcher (2D-DM) scheme.
    • To enhance the nonlinear tolerance of probabilistically shaped QAM.

    Main Methods:

    • Removed corner points from probabilistically shaped QAM constellations.
    • Divided remaining constellation points into layers and symbols.
    • Employed one-dimensional shapers to generate in-phase and quadrature components, effectively creating two-dimensional shapers.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed 2D-DM scheme demonstrates improved tolerance to power amplifier nonlinearity.
    • The scheme also shows enhanced tolerance to fiber nonlinearity compared to traditional one-dimensional shapers.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 2D-DM scheme effectively improves nonlinear tolerance in QAM systems.
    • This approach offers a promising solution for robust optical communication.