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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Chronic suppurative otitis media.

Mahmood F Bhutta1, Amanda J Leach2, Christopher G Brennan-Jones3

  • 1Global Health and Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK; Department of ENT, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) causes preventable hearing loss globally. Effective management involves topical treatments, surgery for persistent cases, and new hearing aid options for rehabilitation.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Public Health
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a major cause of preventable hearing loss worldwide, particularly in children and adults.
  • Socioeconomic factors are linked to CSOM prevalence.
  • Lack of a clear definition for CSOM hinders prevention and treatment efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define CSOM, its complications, and current management strategies.
  • To explore treatment options for ear discharge and hearing loss associated with CSOM.
  • To highlight emerging rehabilitation technologies for hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on CSOM definition, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic approaches including topical medications and surgical interventions.
  • Evaluation of recent advancements in hearing aid technology for CSOM patients.

Main Results:

  • CSOM is characterized by tympanic membrane perforation, middle ear inflammation, hearing loss, and otorrhoea.
  • Topical antibiotics are optimal for discharge; antiseptics are alternatives in resource-limited settings.
  • Surgery offers long-term resolution for persistent CSOM and cholesteatoma, with potential hearing improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Standardizing CSOM definition is crucial for effective public health interventions.
  • A multi-faceted approach combining medical, surgical, and rehabilitative strategies is necessary for managing CSOM.
  • New hearing aid technologies offer promising solutions for hearing loss rehabilitation in CSOM patients.