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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

6.2K
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
6.2K
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

4.7K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
4.7K
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

3.0K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
3.0K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

5.8K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
5.8K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.1K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
10.1K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

7.4K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
7.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition
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Anaerobic Protein Purification and Kinetic Analysis via Oxygen Electrode for Studying DesB Dioxygenase Activity and Inhibition

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Thiol dioxygenases: from structures to functions.

Monica Perri1, Francesco Licausi1

  • 1Plant Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thiol dioxygenases (TDOs) catalyze thiol oxidation, producing vital molecules and signaling compounds across diverse organisms. Further structural studies are crucial for harnessing TDOs in medicine, industry, and agriculture.

Keywords:
N-degron pathwaycupincysteine oxidationoxygen sensingsulfinic acidsulfur metabolism

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Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation
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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thiol oxidation to sulfinic acid is catalyzed by cupin fold enzymes, known as thiol dioxygenases (TDOs).
  • These enzymes are crucial in bacteria, fungi, and animal cells for generating metabolic precursors and signaling molecules.
  • In plants and animals, TDOs also target N-cysteinyl residues, marking proteins for degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of action and substrate specificity of thiol dioxygenases.
  • To explore the physiological roles of thiol dioxygenation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • To highlight the need for further structural characterization for TDO applications.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme kinetics and spectroscopy were employed to study enzyme function.
  • X-ray crystallography provided insights into protein structure.
  • Genetic and physiological approaches were used to determine the physiological roles of TDOs.

Main Results:

  • Hypotheses regarding TDO mechanism and substrate specificity were formulated and tested.
  • The diverse physiological roles of thiol dioxygenation across different life forms were elucidated.
  • The study underscores the importance of TDOs in central metabolism and protein regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Thiol dioxygenases are versatile enzymes with critical roles in cellular processes.
  • Understanding TDOs is key to their potential application in various fields.
  • Further structural research is essential for the precise and safe manipulation of TDOs for therapeutic, industrial, and agricultural purposes.