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Mitocentricity.

Dmitry B Zorov1,2, Polina A Abramicheva3, Nadezda V Andrianova3

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Summary

Mitochondria are central to eukaryotic life, performing energy production and vital non-energetic functions. This review explores their diverse roles, including cell death regulation, honoring V. P. Skulachev's legacy.

Keywords:
CO2celldeathfatty acidshememembrane potentialmitochondriaorganismphenoptosisreactive oxygen speciessteroidsswellinguncouplingwater

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial research is rapidly expanding globally.
  • Mitochondria are crucial for eukaryotic cell and organism survival.
  • This review honors V. P. Skulachev's significant contributions to mitochondrial science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of mitochondrial functions.
  • To highlight mitochondria's central role in cell survival and death pathways.
  • To analyze aspects of mitochondrial function that were central to V. P. Skulachev's research.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical review of existing scientific literature.
  • Synthesis of data on diverse mitochondrial functions.
  • Historical analysis of research trends in mitochondrial biology.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondria are essential for energy production and numerous non-energetic functions.
  • Key functions include synthesis of Fe-S clusters, heme, and steroid hormones.
  • Mitochondria play a critical role in regulating cell death (phenoptosis).

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are indispensable organelles with multifaceted roles beyond energy production.
  • Understanding mitochondrial functions is key to comprehending cell and organismal life and death.
  • The work of V. P. Skulachev provides a foundational perspective on mitochondrial importance.