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Hampshire Sheep as a Large-Animal Model for Cochlear Implantation.

Nicholas A Waring1,2, Alexander Chern2, Brandon J Vilarello1,2

  • 1Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hampshire sheep offer improved surgical access for cochlear implantation (CI) due to better round window membrane (RWM) visibility. This breed may be a superior large-animal model for CI procedures without facial nerve sacrifice.

Keywords:
Cochlear implantFacial recessImplantable hearing deviceMiddle earOtologySheepTemporal bone

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Sheep are explored as large-animal models for cochlear implantation (CI).
  • Previous studies highlight challenges with facial nerve (FN) obstruction of the round window membrane (RWM).
  • Surgical access often requires FN sacrifice or retrofacial approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare surgical access to the RWM in Hampshire versus Suffolk-Dorset sheep.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of CI in Hampshire sheep using a facial recess approach.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 16 sheep temporal bones (10 Hampshire, 6 Suffolk-Dorset) via an extended facial recess approach.
  • Grading RWM visibility using the St. Thomas' Hospital (STH) classification.
  • Performing CI electrode insertion in two Hampshire specimens and analyzing with micro-CT scans.

Main Results:

  • Hampshire sheep demonstrated significantly better RWM visibility (83%) compared to Suffolk-Dorset sheep (59%).
  • Hampshire specimens showed Type I or IIa visibility, while Suffolk-Dorset had Type IIa or IIb.
  • Micro-CT confirmed successful CI electrode placement in the scala tympani without basilar membrane rupture.

Conclusions:

  • Hampshire sheep provide suitable anatomy for CI electrode insertion via an extended facial recess approach, avoiding FN sacrifice.
  • Improved RWM visibility in Hampshire sheep suggests superiority over other breeds for CI surgery.
  • The facial nerve and facial recess anatomy in Hampshire sheep more closely resembles that of humans.