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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

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Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

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Extracellular Vesicle Uptake Assay via Confocal Microscope Imaging Analysis
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Methods, Mechanisms, and Application Prospects for Enhancing Extracellular Vesicle Uptake.

Ying-Peng Xu1, Tao Jiang1, Xiao-Fan Yang2

  • 1Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.

Current Medical Science
|April 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise as nanoscale drug delivery systems. This review explores methods to enhance EV cellular uptake, overcoming limitations for improved therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
exosomesextracellular vesicle uptakeextracellular vesicle-based therapyextracellular vesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as next-generation drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity.
  • Current limitations include inefficient cellular uptake, low production yields, and inconsistent performance, hindering therapeutic potential.
  • Enhancing EV uptake is crucial for realizing their full therapeutic capabilities.

Approach:

  • This review systematically introduces various methods for facilitating cellular uptake of EVs.
  • It summarizes recent advancements in techniques and underlying mechanisms for improving EV cellular internalization.
  • The focus is on strategies to overcome current limitations in EV-based drug delivery.

Key Points:

  • Various strategies exist to improve how cells take up extracellular vesicles.
  • Understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced EV uptake is key to optimizing their use.
  • Recent research offers novel approaches to boost EV efficiency in therapeutic contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Improving EV cellular uptake is essential for advancing EV-based therapies.
  • Further research into enhancing EV production and performance is needed.
  • The future development of EV-based therapeutics faces challenges but holds significant promise.