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Innervation of the conjunctiva.

G L Ruskell

    Transactions of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers confirmed a parasympathetic pathway to the conjunctiva from the facial nerve. Conjunctival vessels, including capillaries, receive dual autonomic innervation from both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroscience
    • Autonomic Nervous System Research

    Background:

    • The innervation of the conjunctiva is crucial for ocular surface homeostasis and function.
    • Understanding the autonomic pathways controlling conjunctival vasculature is essential for diagnosing and treating various eye conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the parasympathetic innervation of the conjunctiva originating from the facial nerve.
    • To characterize the autonomic innervation of conjunctival blood vessels in cynomolgus monkeys and compare it to human conjunctiva.

    Main Methods:

    • Pterygopalatine ganglion lesion in cynomolgus monkeys to assess parasympathetic denervation.
    • Histological examination of conjunctival nerve fibers, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and electron microscopy to identify nerve terminal types.
    • Comparative analysis of nerve fiber distribution in cynomolgus monkey and human perilimbal conjunctiva.

    Main Results:

    • Parasympathetic nerve fibers originating from the facial nerve innervate the conjunctiva.
    • Conjunctival nerve fiber degeneration observed after pterygopalatine ganglion lesion.
    • Nerve terminal degeneration localized to large vessel walls and adjacent to subepithelial capillaries.
    • Evidence of dual autonomic innervation (cholinergic and sympathetic) in conjunctival vessels, including capillaries.
    • Sparse intraepithelial terminals and no specific goblet cell innervation identified.
    • Similar nerve fiber distribution observed in human perilimbal conjunctiva.

    Conclusions:

    • Conjunctival blood vessels possess a dual autonomic innervation, receiving input from both parasympathetic (facial nerve) and sympathetic pathways.
    • The findings in cynomolgus monkeys are comparable to human conjunctival innervation patterns.
    • This study elucidates the complex autonomic control of conjunctival vasculature, relevant for ocular surface physiology.

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