Methods to predict heart failure in diabetes patients.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Diseases

Background:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a strong predictor of new-onset heart failure (HF).
• Effective risk stratification is crucial for preventing HF in patients with diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review literature on imaging predictors and circulating biomarkers for optimizing HF prevention strategies in T2DM patients.
• To evaluate the utility of conventional and alternative biomarkers in identifying HF risk within this population.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on echocardiographic parameters (e.g., global longitudinal strain) and circulating biomarkers.
• Analysis of diagnostic and predictive values of established and novel biomarkers in T2DM and obesity.

Main Results:

• Echocardiographic parameters and cardiometabolic signatures show promise for HF risk stratification in T2DM.
• Conventional biomarkers may be suboptimal in obese T2DM patients; alternative biomarkers targeting fibrosis, inflammation, and adipose tissue dysfunction are promising.
• Natriuretic peptides remain significant in clinically presenting HF but may require adjunctive markers in T2DM.

Conclusions:

• Risk identification in T2DM patients with established HF requires conventional biomarker monitoring.
• Alternative biomarker approaches show potential for improving clinical outcomes in T2DM patients with multiple cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.