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Oligohydramnios affects pulmonary functional/structural abnormalities in school-aged children with bronchopulmonary

Jeong Eun Shin1, Soon Min Lee2, Mi-Jung Lee3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
|April 16, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) exhibit reduced lung function and structural changes, even without symptoms. Prenatal factors like oligohydramnios are linked to poorer outcomes, necessitating extended follow-up for affected individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Early life factors' impact on preterm infants' pulmonary development is not fully understood.
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication in preterm infants, affecting long-term lung health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how BPD severity and perinatal factors influence lung function and structure in school-aged children.
  • To identify specific perinatal factors associated with impaired pulmonary outcomes in survivors of preterm birth.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study of preterm children (born 2005-2015, age ≥5 years).
  • Classification of BPD severity based on NIH criteria.
  • Pulmonary function tests (spirometry) and chest CT scans were performed.
  • Analysis of PFT results, CT scores, and perinatal factors.

Main Results:

  • Severe BPD group showed significantly lower pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF25%-75%) compared to non/mild BPD.
  • Higher CT scores indicating lung abnormalities were observed in the severe BPD group.
  • Prenatal oligohydramnios was associated with reduced pulmonary function (FEV1/FVC) and increased CT scores.

Conclusions:

  • School-aged children with severe BPD have persistent airflow limitations and structural lung damage, often asymptomatic.
  • Prenatal oligohydramnios and prolonged mechanical ventilation are risk factors for poor long-term pulmonary outcomes.
  • Extended follow-up is recommended for preterm infants with a history of severe BPD, especially those with prenatal complications.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bronchopulmonary dysplasiaCohort studyOligohydramniosPrematurityRespiratory function test

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