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Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in cattle, caused by Claviceps paspali

Nahum Ayala-Soldado1, Antonio Jesus Lora-Benitez1, Rafael Mora-Medina1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.

Veterinarni Medicina
|April 16, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Claviceps paspali fungus caused tremorgenic syndrome in cattle in Spain. High humidity and temperature triggered the outbreak, but supportive care led to full recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Veterinary Toxicology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Claviceps paspali is a fungus that infects Paspalum grasses, producing indole-diterpenoid alkaloids.
  • These alkaloids inhibit the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, leading to tremorgenic syndrome in bovines.
  • This mycotoxicosis is uncommon in Europe, making outbreaks noteworthy.

Observation:

  • A clinical case involving 91 cattle in Seville, Spain, is described, with 60% exhibiting nervous signs.
  • Diagnosis involved clinical examination and identifying Claviceps paspali sclerotia in Paspalum paspaloides seed heads.
  • Indole-diterpenoid alkaloids were identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry.

Findings:

  • Claviceps paspali was confirmed as the causal agent of the intoxication.
  • Unusually high regional humidity and temperature levels were identified as triggers for sclerotium development.
  • No specific etiological treatment exists; supportive care and management changes were implemented.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for Claviceps paspali outbreaks under specific environmental conditions.
  • Effective management strategies and supportive treatment can lead to complete recovery in affected cattle.
  • Further research into the mycotoxicosis and its environmental triggers is warranted for prevention.
Keywords:
Paspalumbovinemycotoxinssclerotiumtremor

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