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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Catalysis

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Activating Molecules, Ions, and Solid Particles with Acoustic Cavitation

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Published on: April 11, 2014

Surface-Diffusion-Induced Amorphization of Pt Nanoparticles over Ru Oxide Boost Acidic Oxygen Evolution.

Yanmin Hu¹, Xiao Han¹, Shaojin Hu²

¹Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P.R. China.

|April 16, 2024

Summary

Researchers developed amorphous platinum (Pt) on ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) catalysts. This novel material significantly boosts oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, offering a promising advancement for water electrolysis.

Keywords:

amorphization heterostructure in situ STEM oxygen evolution reaction structural transformation

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Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Phase transformation is a key strategy for creating novel nanomaterials with unique properties.
Developing efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for water electrolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize amorphous platinum (Pt) nanoparticles on a ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) surface.
To investigate the catalytic activity and stability of the resulting amorphous Pt/RuO2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).

Main Methods:

In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used to observe the amorphization process.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to understand the mechanism of Pt atom transfer and amorphous phase formation.
Electrochemical measurements were conducted to evaluate the catalytic performance in water electrolysis.

Main Results:

Amorphous Pt nanoparticles were successfully formed on the RuO2 surface.
DFT calculations confirmed a low energy barrier for Pt atom transfer, indicating thermodynamic favorability for amorphous Pt formation.
The amorphous Pt/RuO2 catalyst demonstrated a 14.2-fold increase in mass activity for OER compared to commercial RuO2.
A water electrolyzer using this catalyst achieved high current density (1.0 A cm-2 at 1.70 V) and remarkable stability (>80 h at 200 mA cm-2).

Conclusions:

The amorphization of Pt on RuO2 is a viable strategy for enhancing OER performance.
The amorphous Pt layer optimizes *O binding and improves antioxidation, leading to superior activity and durability.
Amorphous Pt/RuO2 represents a highly promising catalyst for efficient and stable water electrolysis.