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An Overview of Coronavirus COVID-19 with their Pathogenesis and Risk Assessment of the Disease Utilizing Positive
Tapan Krishna Biswas1, Malabika Biswas2, Rajib Bandyopadhyay1
1Department of Instrumentation and Electronics Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering : an International Journal of Engineering and Technology
|April 16, 2024
Summary
COVID-19 disrupts oxygen exchange by dissociating iron from hemoglobin, leading to lung damage and clotting. Clinical data and biomarkers can assess COVID-19 risk before RT-PCR results are available.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Pathology
- Virology
Background:
- COVID-19 pandemic impacts global health, causing severe respiratory distress and clotting disorders.
- The SARS-CoV-2 virus interferes with hemoglobin's heme structure, impairing oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.
- Elevated iron ions and carbon dioxide contribute to lung damage and disease severity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the biochemical mechanisms of COVID-19-induced lung damage and clotting.
- To identify key clinical and biochemical parameters for early COVID-19 risk assessment.
- To establish a risk assessment tool for COVID-19 prior to RT-PCR confirmation.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the virus's effect on hemoglobin and ferrous ion dissociation.
- Monitoring of serum biomarkers including ferritin, LDH, d-dimer, IL-6, and cardiac troponin.
- Evaluation of clinical data such as age, fever, gender, and comorbidities.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 causes ferrous ion dissociation from heme, hindering gas exchange.
- Increased serum ferritin, LDH, d-dimer, IL-6, and troponin are observed.
- Leukocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and lung radiological changes are pathological hallmarks.
Conclusions:
- Biochemical disruption of hemoglobin is a key mechanism in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
- Clinical and biochemical markers can serve as an early risk assessment tool for COVID-19.
- Timely risk assessment can guide interventions and potentially save lives.
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