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COVID-19 susceptibility: potential of ACE2 polymorphisms
1Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207 India.
The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics
|April 16, 2024
Summary
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as a receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Screening for ACE2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may help monitor susceptibility to COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Virology
- Genetics
Background:
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) regulates blood pressure by metabolizing angiotensin II.
- ACE2 also serves as the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, facilitating viral entry.
- The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation, with ACE and ACE2 as key components.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of ACE2 as a viral receptor.
- To explore the potential of ACE2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in understanding SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility.
- To identify critical regions within ACE2 for targeted SNP screening.
Main Methods:
- Review of structural studies on ACE2 and SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins.
- Analysis of existing single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies related to SARS susceptibility.
- Discussion of protease-mediated activation and shedding of ACE2.
Main Results:
- ACE2 is confirmed as the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
- Proteases like TTSPs and ADAM17 are involved in ACE2 activation and shedding.
- Previous SNP studies showed no consistent association with SARS susceptibility across different ethnic groups.
Conclusions:
- Screening for novel ACE2 SNPs in critical regions is proposed.
- This screening can aid in monitoring susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
- Understanding ACE2 genetic variations may offer insights into individual COVID-19 risk.
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