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Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 Infection

Pei-Ni Jone1, Melanie D Everitt1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B100, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.

Current Treatment Options in Pediatrics
|April 16, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following COVID-19 infection frequently involves the heart, presenting with various cardiac issues. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, including immune modulation, lead to good outcomes for affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition linked to COVID-19.
  • Cardiac complications are a significant concern in pediatric MIS-C cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on MIS-C in children related to COVID-19.
  • To focus on the cardiac manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of MIS-C.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing existing data on MIS-C.
  • Description of diagnostic features, emphasizing cardiac involvement.
  • Overview of therapeutic strategies, including immune-modulating agents.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac involvement is common in MIS-C, including arrhythmias, heart failure, shock, and coronary artery dilation.
  • Diagnosis of coronary involvement uses Z scores >2 for artery dimensions.
  • Treatment involves supportive care and immunomodulatory therapies like IVIG, steroids, and cytokine blockers.

Conclusions:

  • The prognosis for treated MIS-C patients is generally favorable.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand cardiac involvement in acute COVID-19 and MIS-C.
  • Defining optimal therapeutic targets for these pediatric conditions is crucial.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Coronary dilationCoronavirusKawasaki diseaseMultisystem inflammatory syndrome

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