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The Paycheck Protection Program and small business performance: Evidence from craft breweries.

Aaron J Staples¹, Thomas P Krumel²

¹Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics at Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA.

Small Business Economics

|April 16, 2024

Summary

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) helped craft breweries stay in business and reduce production loss during COVID-19. Early loan approval and business model influenced resilience, but program distribution and long-term effects require further study.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Craft breweries Paycheck Protection Program Quasi-experiment Year-over-year performance

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Area of Science:

Economics
Business Administration
Public Policy

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted small businesses, particularly in the craft brewing industry.
The US federal government implemented the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to mitigate economic damages.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the relationship between PPP funding and small business performance in the craft beer industry during the pandemic.
To assess the impact of loan approval timing on short-run performance outcomes.

Main Methods:

Merging industry data of craft beer producers with government microdata on PPP loan recipients.
Utilizing a quasi-experiment exploiting a natural break in the loan program to establish causality.

Main Results:

Firms receiving PPP funding were more likely to remain operational and experienced smaller declines in annual production.
Early PPP loan approval was linked to better short-run performance outcomes.
The pre-pandemic business model influenced a firm's flexibility and resilience during the crisis.

Conclusions:

The PPP effectively alleviated some pandemic-induced losses for craft breweries.
Heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 highlight the importance of business models.
Further research is needed on the program's distribution and long-term impacts.