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Sign Reversal of Spin-Transfer Torques.

Dae-Yun Kim1,2, Qurat Ul Ain3,4, Yune-Seok Nam5

  • 1Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrate controlling spin-transfer torque (STT) sign by changing adjacent heavy metals in spintronic devices. This finding offers new possibilities for magnetic memory and logic technologies.

Keywords:
magnetic domain‐wallsspin polarizationspintronicsspin‐transfer torques

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spin-transfer torque (STT) and spin-orbit torque (SOT) are key phenomena in spintronics for current-driven magnetization control.
  • Traditionally, STT's sign is considered fixed, unlike SOT, which can be engineered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the manipulation of the STT sign in magnetic heterostructures.
  • To investigate the influence of adjacent heavy metals on STT sign.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of magnetic heterostructures (e.g., Pd/Co/Pd, Pt/Co/Pt).
  • Measurement of magnetic domain-wall speed to quantify spin torques.
  • Systematic extraction of both STT and SOT from experimental data.
  • First-principle calculations to understand the underlying physics.

Main Results:

  • The sign of STT is successfully manipulated by engineering the heavy metals adjacent to the magnetic layer.
  • Pd/Co/Pd films exhibit positive STT, while Pt/Co/Pt films show negative STT.
  • First-principle calculations confirm that the STT sign reversal is due to the spin polarization of conduction electrons.

Conclusions:

  • The sign of STT is not fixed and can be controlled through material engineering.
  • This controllability opens new avenues for designing advanced spintronic devices.
  • Understanding the role of adjacent materials is crucial for future spintronic applications.