Anchored Cobalt Nanoparticles on Layered Perovskites for Rapid Peroxymonosulfate Activation in Antibiotic Degradation

In the Fenton-like reaction, revealing the dynamic evolution of the active sites is crucial to achieve the activity improvement and stability of the catalyst. This study reports a perovskite oxide in which atomic (Co⁰) in situ embedded exsolution occurs during the high-temperature phase transition. This unique anchoring strategy significantly improves the Co³⁺/Co²⁺ cycling efficiency at the interface and inhibits metal leaching during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The Co@L-PBMC catalyst exhibits superior PMS activation ability and could achieve 99% degradation of tetracycline within 5 min. The combination of experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidates that the electron-deficient oxygen vacancy accepts an electron from the Co 3d-orbital, resulting in a significant electron delocalization of the Co site, thereby facilitating the adsorption of the *HSO₅/*OH intermediate onto the "metal-V_O bridge" structure. This work provides insights into the PMS activation mechanism at the atomic level, which will guide the rational design of next-generation catalysts for environmental remediation.