Longitudinal associations between neighborhood safety and adolescent adjustment: The moderating role of affective neural sensitivity
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Improved neighborhood safety benefits adolescent mental health, reducing externalizing and internalizing symptoms. This effect is more pronounced in adolescents with higher neural sensitivity in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).
Area Of Science
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Public Health
Background
- Social determinants of health, including neighborhood characteristics like safety, impact adolescent well-being.
- The role of *changes* in neighborhood environments and individual sensitivity to these changes in adolescent development remains less understood.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate how changes in neighborhood safety affect adolescent externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and sleep disturbance.
- To identify whether neural sensitivity, specifically insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) reactivity, moderates this relationship.
Main Methods
- Longitudinal analysis of data from 7932 adolescents (mean age 9.93 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) project across three waves.
- Statistical controls for baseline neighborhood safety were applied.
- Moderation analysis examined the role of insula and ACC reactivity to positive emotional stimuli.
Main Results
- Increases in neighborhood safety were associated with reductions in adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms over time.
- No significant association was found between increased neighborhood safety and changes in sleep disturbance.
- Adolescents with higher insula and ACC reactivity to positive emotions showed better adjustment when neighborhood safety increased.
Conclusions
- Neighborhood safety is a crucial factor for adolescent adjustment during developmental transitions.
- Affective neural sensitivity, indicated by insula and ACC reactivity, serves as a marker for differential susceptibility to neighborhood environmental changes.
- Targeted interventions in safer neighborhoods may particularly benefit adolescents with heightened affective neural sensitivity.
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