Revisiting the opioid and naloxone education (ONE) program: Program evaluation using the RE-AIM model four years...

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology and Public Health
• Health Services Research
• Addiction Medicine

Background:

• Community pharmacy-based interventions are crucial for managing opioid use and improving population health.
• The Opioid and Naloxone Education (ONE) Program utilizes patient screening and pharmacist interventions to address opioid-related issues.
• Longitudinal assessment is vital for understanding program effectiveness and identifying areas for improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To reevaluate the performance of the ONE Program using the RE-AIM model.
• To compare current program performance with a previous evaluation conducted in 2019.
• To assess improvements and identify trends in community pharmacy-based opioid and naloxone education.

Main Methods:

• Program performance was evaluated from January 2021 to December 2022 using the five RE-AIM domains: Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance.
• Reach was measured by the proportion of opioid-prescribed patients screened.
• Efficacy assessed the proportion of at-risk individuals receiving pharmacist interventions.

Main Results:

• Approximately 7.28% of patients receiving opioid prescriptions were screened (Reach).
• 97.4% of at-risk patients received pharmacist interventions (Efficacy).
• 49.6% of enrolled pharmacies completed at least five screenings, with 86.4% maintaining the program at three months.

Conclusions:

• The ONE Program showed improvement in four of five RE-AIM domains in years four and five compared to years one and two.
• A decline in Reach (patient screening) was observed over time.
• This reevaluation underscores the value of longitudinal assessment for demonstrating program improvement and sustainability.