Vaping Behaviors and Criminal Activity among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults

Background: Prior research has discovered an association between vaping activities and increased delinquent behaviors. However, this relationship has been exclusively studied among adolescents and has not been examined among an adult sample. Methods: The current study uses a nationally representative sample of approximately 45,000 adults from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Logistic regression and negative binomial regression are employed to assess the association between three types of vaping (marijuana, nicotine, flavor) and five crime measures (arrest, sold drugs, stole >$50, attack, crime index), net of covariates. A vaping index is also examined to determine whether the number of substances vaped is related to criminal outcomes. Results: Results indicate that past year and past month marijuana and nicotine vaping are associated with higher odds of almost all crime measures, but flavor vaping was not significantly associated with the crime outcomes. Additionally, the vaping index suggests that the number of substances vaped is associated with the likelihood of engaging in certain crimes. Conclusions: The findings of the current study indicate the need for more awareness of the negative social consequences associated with vaping, particularly marijuana vaping. Additionally, the crime patterns among adults in this study are different from previous studies using adolescent samples. Specifically, flavor vaping is not associated with criminal behavior among the adult only sample. Thus, vaping studies that use adolescent samples may not generalize to adults.