Deep eutectic solvent-based shaking-assisted extraction for determination of bioactive compounds from Norway spruce...

Area of Science:

• Phytochemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Green Chemistry

Background:

• Polyphenolic compounds are vital for plant health and defense.
• Traditional extraction methods often rely on harmful organic solvents.
• Efficient and eco-friendly extraction is crucial for phytochemical analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based shaking-assisted extraction method.
• To optimize the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from plant samples.
• To evaluate the efficiency, greenness, and applicability of the developed method.

Main Methods:

• A DES was prepared using choline chloride (HBA) and fructose (HBD) with water.
• Extraction efficiency was optimized using one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) and response surface design (RS).
• The method was coupled with LC-ESI-QTOF-MS and compared to conventional solvents.

Main Results:

• Optimized conditions: 30 mg sample, ChCl:Fru (1:2) DES with 30% water, 500 rpm, 30 min, 10°C.
• DES-based extraction showed higher efficiency than ethanol, methanol, and water.
• The method demonstrated comparable or better greenness (ComplexGAPI) and applicability (BAGI).

Conclusions:

• The developed DES-based shaking-assisted extraction is an efficient and greener alternative for isolating plant polyphenols.
• The method is practical and applicable for analyzing real plant samples, such as spruce roots.
• This approach holds potential for broader application in plant phytochemical analysis.