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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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How to Measure Cortical Folding from MR Images: a Step-by-Step Tutorial to Compute Local Gyrification Index
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MRI Data Analysis in Malformations of Cortical Development.

Mariasavina Severino1, Domenico Tortora2, Marcello Scala3,4

  • 1UO Neuroradiologia, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy. mariasavinaseverino@gaslini.org.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for diagnosing malformations of cortical development (MCD). Advanced MRI techniques improve detection and surgical planning for conditions like drug-resistant epilepsy, despite some limitations.

Keywords:
Arterial spin labelingBrain MRIDiffusion-weighted imagingMalformations of cortical developmentT1-weighted sequencesT2-weighted sequences

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are congenital abnormalities affecting brain structure.
  • Accurate diagnosis and characterization of MCD are crucial for effective patient management and treatment planning.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has emerged as a primary noninvasive tool for visualizing brain anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role and effectiveness of various brain MRI techniques in the investigation of malformations of cortical development (MCD).
  • To highlight the capabilities of advanced MRI sequences in detecting and characterizing MCD.
  • To discuss the limitations of MRI in MCD diagnosis and its utility in surgical planning for conditions like drug-resistant epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized standard and advanced MRI sequences, including 3D T1-weighted, multiplanar thin-sliced T2-weighted, and 3D FLAIR.
  • Employed advanced techniques such as arterial spin labeling MR perfusion, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI (fMRI).
  • Focused on high-resolution imaging with excellent spatial and contrast resolution for detailed cortical visualization.

Main Results:

  • Standard MRI techniques can detect and characterize almost all MCD.
  • Advanced MRI techniques can enhance detection rates and aid in surgical planning for drug-resistant epilepsy associated with MCD.
  • Limitations include high cost, availability, need for sedation, and sensitivity for subtle malformations.

Conclusions:

  • Brain MRI is indispensable for diagnosing and managing MCD.
  • Advanced MRI applications offer significant benefits for complex cases and surgical interventions.
  • Despite limitations, MRI remains a cornerstone in the comprehensive evaluation of MCD.