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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Subdural Soft Electrocorticography ECoG Array Implantation and Long-Term Cortical Recording in Minipigs

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Structural, Functional, and Genetic Changes Surrounding Electrodes Implanted in the Brain.

Bhavna Gupta^1,2, Akash Saxena^2,3, Mason L Perillo^4,2

¹Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, 775 Woodlot Dr., East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.

Accounts of Chemical Research

|April 17, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers investigated how implanted brain electrodes affect brain tissue. They found that implants disrupt neuronal structure and function, while also altering gene expression related to inflammation and glial responses, providing insights for better neurotechnology design.

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Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

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Published on: October 2, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering
Investigating the biological response to implantable neurotechnology.

Background:

Implantable neurotechnology is crucial for monitoring and stimulating brain signals for neurological conditions.
Device implantation and electrical stimulation can cause adverse tissue responses, including inflammation and damage.
Understanding device-tissue interactions is vital for optimizing neurotechnology design and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the basic science principles governing device-tissue integration in the brain.
To characterize structural, functional, and genetic changes in brain cells surrounding implanted electrodes.
To inform the design of next-generation implantable neurotechnology for improved biocompatibility.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel 'device-in-slice' technique for real-time interrogation of implanted electrodes in live brain tissue.
Employed single-cell electrophysiology and two-photon imaging to assess neuronal structural and functional changes.
Utilized spatial transcriptomics to analyze gene expression changes induced by device implantation and electrical stimulation.

Main Results:

Observed significant disruption of neuronal dendritic arbors and loss of dendritic spines near implants.
Detected a reduction in excitatory neurotransmission and altered neuronal spiking regularity around electrodes.
Found that implantation induces genes related to neuroinflammation and glial reactivity; stimulation alters gene expression based on intensity.

Conclusions:

Device implantation and electrical stimulation significantly impact brain tissue at structural, functional, and genetic levels.
The study provides new biomarkers for evaluating device-tissue interactions and benchmarking novel electrode designs.
Understanding these biological responses is critical for developing safer and more effective implantable neurotechnologies.