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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

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Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
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The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

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Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM01:25

Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

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Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
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Related Experiment Video

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An Enrichment Method for Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Liver Cancer Tissue
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An Enrichment Method for Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Liver Cancer Tissue

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The novel insights of epithelial-derived exosomes in various fibrotic diseases.

Rifu Wang1, Yuxin Shi1, Yonglin Lv1

  • 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|April 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Epithelial cell-derived exosomes promote fibrosis by inducing inflammation and activating fibroblasts. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to new diagnostic biomarkers and treatments for fibrotic diseases.

Keywords:
Epithelial cellEpithelial-derived exosomesExosomeFibroblastFibrosis

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Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts
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Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Fibrosis, characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation, leads to organ failure and mortality.
  • Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication, carrying proteins, RNA, and DNA.
  • Epithelial cells, crucial barriers, are implicated in fibrotic disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epithelial cell-derived exosomes in fibrosis.
  • To elucidate pathogenic mechanisms, including inflammation and fibroblast activation.
  • To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these exosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on exosomes and fibrosis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of exosome-mediated fibrosis.
  • Evaluation of exosome-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Epithelial cell-derived exosomes contribute to fibrosis by promoting inflammation and activating fibroblasts.
  • Bioactive molecules within these exosomes show potential as diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Exosomes represent a promising emerging therapeutic modality for fibrotic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Epithelial cell-derived exosomes play a significant role in fibrotic disease progression.
  • Targeting these exosomes offers novel strategies for fibrosis diagnosis and treatment.
  • Further research into exosome function can advance clinical applications for fibrotic diseases.