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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

Published on: September 20, 2016

Context matters: Tumor microenvironments impact cellular therapy success.

Eli P Darnell¹, Marcela V Maus¹

¹Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Cell Reports. Medicine

|April 17, 2024

Summary

Researchers found that the tumor microenvironment and CD19 expression levels predict patient response to axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) CAR T-cell therapy. These findings aid in personalizing treatment for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

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Published on: September 20, 2016

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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunotherapy
Cellular Therapy

Background:

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy used for certain B-cell lymphomas.
Predicting patient response to CAR T-cell therapy remains a challenge.
Understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for optimizing cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify pretreatment prognostic indicators for axi-cel response.
To investigate the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and CD19 expression in predicting outcomes.
To analyze data from the ZUMA-7 clinical trial.

Main Methods:

Analysis of pretreatment tumor biopsies from patients in the ZUMA-7 trial.
Assessment of tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics.
Quantification of CD19 expression levels on tumor cells.

Main Results:

Specific tumor microenvironment (TME) contexts were identified as prognostic indicators.
The level of CD19 expression on tumor cells significantly correlated with treatment response.
These factors predict patient outcomes with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) therapy.

Conclusions:

Tumor microenvironment (TME) features and CD19 expression are key biomarkers for axi-cel therapy.
These findings support the potential for personalized treatment strategies in B-cell lymphomas.
Further research can leverage these biomarkers to improve patient selection and outcomes.