Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2025
Author Spotlight: Advancing CBCT and Digital Dental Image Integration with AI-Assisted Digitization
Published on: February 23, 2024
Development of a dental digital data set for research in artificial intelligence: the importance of labeling
Eliana Dantas Costa1, Hugo Gaêta-Araujo2, José Andery Carneiro3
1Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to present the development of a database (dataset) of panoramic radiographs.
Study Design:
Three radiologists labeled an image set consisting of 936 panoramic radiographs. Labeling includes tooth numbering (including teeth present and missing) and annotation of dental conditions (e.g., caries, dental restoration, residual root, endodontic treatment, implant, fixed prosthesis, incisal wear). The annotation process was performed in a Picture Archive and Communication System software customized for the study purposes using a small bounding box to delimit the entire tooth and items for radiographic diagnosis and a large bounding box to simultaneously delimit the 2 dental arches (maxilla and mandible). A JSON file was generated for each annotation.
Results:
The database encompassed 23,619 annotations; disagreement between radiologists occurred in 0.7% of the notes.
Conclusions:
This work aimed to inform researchers about the importance of the labeling process, in addition to providing the scientific community with a bank of labeled images to implement artificial intelligence systems in clinical practice.
