Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Euler's Equations of Motion01:28

Euler's Equations of Motion

450
In fluid mechanics, shear stresses arise from viscosity, which represents a fluid's internal resistance to deformation. For low-viscosity fluids, like water, these stresses are minimal, simplifying flow analysis by allowing the fluid to be treated as inviscid, or frictionless. In an inviscid fluid, shear stresses are absent, leaving only normal stresses, which act perpendicularly to fluid elements. Notably, pressure — defined as the negative of the normal stress — remains...
450
Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation01:16

Energy Conservation and Bernoulli's Equation

8.9K
Applying the conservation of energy principle or the work-energy theorem to an incompressible, inviscid fluid in laminar, steady, irrotational flow leads to Bernoulli's equation. It states that the sum of the fluid pressure, potential, and kinetic energy per unit volume is constant along a streamline.
All the terms in the equation have the dimension of energy per unit volume. The kinetic energy per unit volume is called the kinetic energy density, and the potential energy per unit volume is...
8.9K
Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

34.6K
Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws. 
34.6K
Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

397
Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
397
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

1.0K
When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
1.0K
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

4.1K
The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Extreme nonequilibrium synthesis of a Ca-Cu-Si clathrate during the Trinity nuclear test.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Advanced structural characterization of high-entropy alloy nanostructures: general discussion.

Faraday discussions·2026
Same author

X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns of the AlCrTiV high-entropy alloy and quaternary Heusler structures.

Faraday discussions·2025
Same author

How Atomic Bonding Plays the Hardness Behavior in the Al-Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni High Entropy Family.

Small science·2025
Same author

Integrated design of aluminum-enriched high-entropy refractory B2 alloys with synergy of high strength and ductility.

Science advances·2024
Same author

Comprehensive analysis of ordering in CoCrNi and CrNi<sub>2</sub> alloys.

Nature communications·2024
Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.5K

Entropy approximations for simple fluids.

Yang Huang1, Michael Widom2

  • 1Physics Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215213, China.

Physical Review. E
|April 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We examined liquid state entropy formulas for Lennard-Jones fluids. New interpolation methods connect "perfect gas" and "dense liquid" series for accurate predictions across densities.

More Related Videos

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.5K
Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
10:28

Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids

Published on: January 3, 2014

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.5K
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.5K
Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
10:28

Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids

Published on: January 3, 2014

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Liquid state entropy calculations are crucial for understanding fluid behavior.
  • Existing formulas often rely on approximations that limit their accuracy across different densities.
  • Configurational probability distributions are fundamental to statistical mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate liquid state entropy formulas based on n-body distribution functions for Lennard-Jones fluids.
  • To compare the accuracy of two distinct series expansions: the
  • perfect gas
  • and
  • dense liquid
  • series.
  • To develop methods for bridging the predictive gap between low and high density regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of entropy formulas derived from configurational probability distributions.
  • Examination of entropy expansions in terms of n-body distribution functions.
  • Focus on two specific series: the ideal gas-based "perfect gas" series and the modified "dense liquid" series.

Main Results:

  • The "perfect gas" series demonstrates higher accuracy at low fluid densities.
  • The "dense liquid" series provides better predictions at high fluid densities.
  • The study highlights the density-dependent performance of different entropy series.

Conclusions:

  • Neither the "perfect gas" nor the "dense liquid" series is universally accurate across all densities.
  • Empirical interpolation methods are proposed to connect the two series effectively.
  • These methods offer consistent entropy predictions for Lennard-Jones fluids in various conditions.