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Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats
06:39

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Subacute Hydrocephalus Revealing a Cryptococcus Infection in a Seven-Year-Old Child

Tarik Belokda1, Hajar Hamadi2, Yassine Ait M'Barek1

  • 1Neurological Surgery, Ibn Tofail Hospital, Mohammed VI International University Hospital, Marrakech, MAR.

Cureus
|April 18, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) can cause serious complications like intracranial hypertension (ICH). This case highlights a favorable outcome in a child with HIV-associated CM treated with cerebrospinal fluid diversion and antifungal therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a significant neurological complication in immunocompromised individuals, often leading to high morbidity and mortality.
  • Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a frequent complication of CM and a critical factor influencing patient prognosis.

Observation:

  • This report details a rare case of subacute hydrocephalus in a seven-year-old girl.
  • The hydrocephalus was identified as a manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent successful cerebrospinal fluid diversion to manage hydrocephalus.
  • Antifungal treatment was administered for the cryptococcal infection.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering CM in immunocompromised children presenting with neurological symptoms, including hydrocephalus.
  • Effective management involving CSF diversion and targeted antifungal therapy can lead to favorable outcomes even in severe cases of HIV-associated CM.

Keywords:
cryptococcal meningitiscryptococcus neoformanshivintracranial hypertensionpediatric hydrocephalusventriculoperitoneal shunt

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