Cardiovascular disease in Arab Americans: A literature review of prevalence, risk factors, and directions for future...

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Health Disparities

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern.
• Arab Americans exhibit a higher CVD risk compared to other US ethnic groups.
• Limited research exists specifically on CVD within the Arab American population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize existing literature on CVD prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in Arab Americans.
• To identify specific health disparities and risk factors contributing to CVD in this demographic.
• To highlight the need for tailored interventions and further research.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on Arab Americans and cardiovascular disease.
• Analysis of data on CVD prevalence, risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension), and outcomes.
• Synthesis of findings related to metabolic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors.

Main Results:

• Elevated rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension observed in Arab Americans.
• Significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (16-41%) in Arab Americans, linked to vitamin D deficiency, genetics, and poor control.
• Psychosocial factors (stress, discrimination, low health literacy) and higher smoking rates (waterpipe use) contribute to CVD risk.

Conclusions:

• Arab Americans face elevated cardiovascular disease risks, necessitating group-specific screening and management.
• Culturally appropriate educational programs for CVD prevention are essential.
• Further research is needed to understand subgroup variations, genetic/environmental factors, and test tailored interventions.