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Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

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Multiomics Analysis Revealed Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis.

Yong-Jiang Xu¹, Yuan He¹, Cong Chen²

¹State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.

Journal of Proteome Research

|April 18, 2024

Summary

This study identifies specific gut bacteria and metabolic changes linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. These multiomics features show promise as new biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting CRC outcomes.

Keywords:

16S rRNA sequencing ROC analysis colorectal cancer metabolomics multiomics analysis proteomics

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Microbiology
Oncology

Background:

Gut microbiota plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis.
The precise influence of the host-microbiome on CRC incidence and progression is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between gut microbiome alterations, host metabolism, and colorectal cancer.
To identify potential multiomics biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.

Main Methods:

16S rRNA sequencing, fecal and serum metabolomics, and colorectal tissue proteomics were performed on 85 CRC patients.
Microbiome composition, metabolite profiles, and protein expression were analyzed across different CRC stages.

Main Results:

Two distinct microbiome patterns were identified in CRC patients, with specific bacteria like *Catabacter* and *Mogibacterium* increasing with cancer stage.
Metabolomic analysis revealed altered levels of bile acids, indoles, heme, and other metabolites in both feces and serum.
Proteomics indicated that oxidation and autophagy via the PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway contribute to CRC development.
Multiomics signatures demonstrated a predictive capability for CRC with an AUC > 0.85.

Conclusions:

Specific gut microbial and metabolic signatures are associated with colorectal cancer progression.
Multiomics data offer promising candidate biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.