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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:28

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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

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Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody
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Long-Acting Strategies for Antibody Drugs: Structural Modification, Controlling Release, and Changing the

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Antibody drugs offer targeted treatment but often require frequent injections. This review explores strategies for developing long-acting antibody therapeutics, focusing on microsphere drug delivery systems for improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biopharmaceuticals
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antibody drugs are highly specific and effective treatments for various diseases.
  • Short half-lives of some antibody drugs necessitate frequent administration, leading to side effects like injection-site reactions.
  • There is a growing need for long-acting antibody drugs with reduced adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for developing long-acting antibody drugs.
  • To highlight the potential of drug delivery systems, particularly microspheres, for sustained antibody release.
  • To discuss the advantages of subcutaneous administration for antibody therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on strategies for long-acting antibody drug development.
  • Analysis of drug modification techniques, drug delivery systems, and administration route changes.
  • Focus on microsphere technology for controlled drug release and improved tolerability.

Main Results:

  • Modification of drug structure, drug delivery systems, and administration routes are key strategies for achieving long-acting antibody drugs.
  • Microspheres demonstrate excellent injection-site tolerance, controlled drug loading/release, and material safety.
  • Subcutaneous injection offers patient convenience and self-administration benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Microsphere-based drug delivery systems are a promising approach for developing long-acting antibody drugs.
  • Subcutaneous administration of antibody microspheres is anticipated to be a major focus for future long-acting therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into long-acting antibody formulations can improve treatment efficacy and patient compliance.