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Functionalizable bacterial cellulose composite membrane for guided tissue regeneration.

Puthon Kraisuriyawong1, Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon2, Prasit Pavasant3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

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Summary

This study developed a novel guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane using bacterial cellulose (BC) and electrospun fibers. The functionalized membrane effectively promoted osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells, showing promise for bone tissue regeneration.

Keywords:
Bacterial celluloseGTROsteopontin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is crucial for bone defect repair.
  • Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising natural biopolymer for GTR membranes.
  • Enhancing GTR membranes with specific biological cues can improve bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a double-layered GTR membrane from bacterial cellulose (BC) coated with electrospun carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(ethylene oxide) (CMC/PEO) fibers.
  • To functionalize the membrane with osteopontin (OPN) to promote osteogenic differentiation.
  • To evaluate the membrane's potential for bone tissue regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a double-layered BC composite membrane using electrospinning of CMC/PEO fibers.
  • Characterization of membrane properties (morphology, mechanical, swelling).
  • Immobilization of plant-derived recombinant human osteopontin (p-rhOPN-C122) and assessment of immobilization efficiency.
  • Evaluation of cell response (cytocompatibility, osteogenic gene expression, mineralization) using human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs).

Main Results:

  • Well-defined CMC/PEO nanofibers (125 ± 10 nm) were successfully electrospun onto BC membranes.
  • The CMC/PEO-BC membranes exhibited favorable mechanical and swelling properties and good cytocompatibility.
  • High immobilization efficiency (98-99%) of p-rhOPN-C122 was achieved in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • The functionalized membrane significantly promoted hPDL cell osteogenic differentiation, evidenced by gene expression and mineralization assays.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CMC/PEO-BC membrane is a promising candidate for GTR applications.
  • Functionalization with p-rhOPN-C122 enhances the membrane's ability to promote osteogenic differentiation.
  • This biomaterial holds potential for improving bone tissue regeneration strategies.