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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Functional Connectivity Changes on Resting-State fMRI after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

Siddhant Dogra1, Soroush Arabshahi2, Jason Wei1

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause widespread brain changes. A review of 66 studies found varied functional connectivity changes using resting-state fMRI, with a trend toward decreased connectivity early after injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is theorized to induce widespread functional brain alterations.
  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a potential tool for detecting these changes, but studies are methodologically diverse.
  • Existing research often employs varied techniques to analyze regions of interest (ROIs) across different resting-state networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature and determine if adult patients with mTBI exhibit consistent functional connectivity changes on rs-fMRI compared to healthy controls.
  • To synthesize findings from existing rs-fMRI studies on mTBI.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, Web of Science) for studies published since 2010.
  • Keywords included "functional MR imaging" and "mild traumatic brain injury" and related terms.
  • Studies were screened by four reviewers at the title and abstract levels, with full-text evaluation by two independent reviewers, resolving disagreements by consensus.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 66 studies revealed 80 brain areas examined 239 times, most frequently using independent component analysis.
  • The default mode network, salience network, and whole brain were the most commonly analyzed.
  • While findings were variable, a trend towards decreased whole-brain functional connectivity was observed within one month post-mTBI, with potential differences based on time since injury.

Conclusions:

  • Functional connectivity changes after mTBI are inconsistent across studies, likely due to variations in technical parameters, preprocessing, and analysis methods.
  • Differences in individual injury characteristics may also contribute to the heterogeneity of findings.
  • There is a need for the development of novel rs-fMRI techniques capable of capturing subject-specific functional connectivity alterations more effectively.