Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

25.1K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
25.1K
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

40.4K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
40.4K
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

31.3K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
31.3K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

21.2K
Overview
21.2K
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

69.9K
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
69.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Retracted] MicroRNA-325 inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in a BAG2-dependent manner.

Experimental and therapeutic medicine·2026
Same author

A ∼0.5 Myr perturbation of carbon and mercury cycles during the Middle Triassic biotic radiation.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Integrated RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis of miR-101 in bovine somatic cell reprogramming.

Genomics·2026
Same author

NOTCH3 signal activation by its extracellular domain accumulation in an iPSC line newly established from a CADASIL patient.

Human cell·2026
Same author

Rapid riparian ecosystem recovery in low-latitudinal North China following the end-Permian mass extinction.

eLife·2026
Same author

Identification of novel serum biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease screened by phage display library of random peptides.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates
08:25

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates

Published on: April 4, 2020

6.0K

Respiratory protein-driven selectivity during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.

Haijun Song1, Yuyang Wu1, Xu Dai2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.

Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.))
|April 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Marine animals with high oxygen-carrying capacity proteins like hemoglobin survived the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. This trait helped them cope with low oxygen and ocean acidification, influencing evolutionary transitions.

More Related Videos

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability
09:49

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability

Published on: April 2, 2015

10.6K
High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
09:53

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers

Published on: October 26, 2021

4.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates
08:25

Impedance Pneumography for Minimally Invasive Measurement of Heart Rate in Late Stage Invertebrates

Published on: April 4, 2020

6.0K
Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability
09:49

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability

Published on: April 2, 2015

10.6K
High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
09:53

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers

Published on: October 26, 2021

4.7K

Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Mass extinctions drive macroevolutionary change, but their selectivity mechanisms are unclear.
  • Understanding extinction selectivity is key to predicting macroevolutionary trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the physiological basis of extinction selectivity in marine animals during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.
  • Determine the role of oxygen-carrying capacity in clade survival and body-size changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed extinction intensity and body-size reduction across marine clades.
  • Correlated extinction patterns with the type of oxygen-transporting proteins (hemerythrin, hemoglobin, hemocyanin) and respiratory mechanisms (diffusion vs. active transport).

Main Results:

  • Marine clades with lower oxygen-carrying capacity hemerythrin proteins and those relying on oxygen diffusion faced higher extinction rates and significant body-size reduction.
  • Clades with higher oxygen-carrying capacity hemoglobin or hemocyanin proteins exhibited greater resilience.

Conclusions:

  • High oxygen-carrying capacity enabled survival by facilitating oxygen uptake during hypoxia and compensating for ocean acidification's energetic demands.
  • This physiological trait was crucial for marine fauna survival and the transition to the Modern Evolutionary Fauna.