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Information-based rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation to accelerate learning during auditory working memory

Heather T Whittaker1,2, Lina Khayyat1, Jessica Fortier-Lavallée3

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|April 19, 2024
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Summary

Rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rhTMS) accelerated auditory working memory training and enhanced theta activity. Benefits persisted for approximately 3 days post-stimulation, demonstrating rhTMS

Keywords:
EEGTMScognitionfronto-parietal networkmemorytheta oscillations

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • Rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rhTMS) can enhance auditory working memory (aWM) by modulating theta oscillations in the dorsal auditory pathway.
  • The persistence, learning acceleration, and cumulative effects of rhTMS on aWM remain under investigation.
  • The left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is a key region for working memory manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the lasting behavioral and electrophysiological effects of rhTMS applied over the left IPS during cognitive training for aWM.
  • To determine if rhTMS can accelerate learning and if its effects accumulate over multiple sessions.
  • To assess the persistence of rhTMS-induced enhancements in aWM performance and neural activity.

Main Methods:

  • 14 healthy participants underwent cognitive training on an aWM task.
  • Participants received either theta (5 Hz) rhTMS or sham TMS over the left IPS.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded before, during, and after training to assess behavioral performance and neural oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Combined rhTMS and cognitive training enhanced theta oscillatory activity in the fronto-parietal network and improved aWM performance.
  • rhTMS accelerated cognitive training compared to sham stimulation, with benefits lasting approximately 3 days post-training.
  • Increased theta oscillatory power in the dorsal auditory network and sustained EEG changes were observed up to 3 days after stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides proof of concept for rhTMS as a method to enhance aWM and accelerate cognitive training.
  • The findings suggest that rhTMS-induced improvements in aWM can be long-lasting.
  • Preliminary data support the development of optimized rhTMS protocols for clinical applications in populations with cognitive deficits.