HLA-DRB1 is associated with cefaclor-induced immediate hypersensitivity.

Area of Science:

• Pharmacogenomics
• Immunogenetics
• Drug Hypersensitivity

Background:

• Drug-induced hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis, is a significant cause of drug-related illness and death.
• Cefaclor is a common trigger for type I hypersensitivity in Korea, but predictive genetic biomarkers are poorly understood.
• This study investigated potential genetic factors influencing cefaclor-induced type I hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify genetic biomarkers associated with cefaclor-induced type I hypersensitivity.
• To explore the role of specific genes and HLA types in cefaclor hypersensitivity reactions.

Main Methods:

• Whole exome sequencing (WES) and HLA genotyping were conducted on 43 patients experiencing cefaclor-induced type I hypersensitivity.
• Homology modeling was employed to analyze cefaclor binding to HLA sites.

Main Results:

• Anaphylaxis was the predominant clinical presentation (90.69%) of cefaclor hypersensitivity.
• Genome-wide significant associations were found for rs62242177 and rs62242178 in the LIMD1 region.
• Significant associations were observed between cefaclor hypersensitivity and HLA-DRB1∗04:03 (OR 4.61) and HLA-DRB1∗14:54 (OR 3.86).

Conclusions:

• The LIMD1 gene and HLA-DRB1∗04:03 and HLA-DRB1∗14:54 alleles may influence susceptibility to cefaclor-induced type I hypersensitivity.
• Larger studies are needed to confirm the roles of HLA-DRB1 and LIMD1 in the development of cefaclor hypersensitivity.