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High PD-L1 expression on immune cells along with increased density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predicts a

Tomáš Blažek1,2,3, Marek Petráš3, Pavel Hurník2,4

  • 1Department of Oncology, Ostrava University Hospital, Ostrava, Czechia.

Frontiers in Oncology
|April 19, 2024
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Summary

High PD-L1 expression combined with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) shows strong prognostic value for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. This composite biomarker aids in predicting survival outcomes for HNSCC treated with definitive radiotherapy.

Keywords:
PD-L1 expressionhead and neck cancerimmune biomarkersprognosistumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biomarkers

Background:

  • Personalized medicine in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment relies on prognostic immune biomarkers.
  • Optimizing treatment strategies for HNSCC requires accurate estimation of patient prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prognostic potential of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HNSCC patients.
  • To assess the association between these immune biomarkers and overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective monocentric cohort study of loco-regionally advanced HNSCC patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy.
  • Analysis of PD-L1 expression on immune and tumor cells (PD-L1IC) and TILs (CD8+ TIL count, TIL density).
  • Cox proportional hazards regression used to determine hazard ratios (HR) for survival outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A composite biomarker of high PD-L1IC expression and increased TIL density (≥30%) was significantly associated with improved OS (aHR 0.07) and DSS.
  • High PD-L1IC expression (≥10% difference) independently predicted survival in HNSCC patients.
  • The combination of high PD-L1IC expression with median-higher CD8+ TIL count also showed a strong association with OS (aHR 0.08).

Conclusions:

  • A composite biomarker including high PD-L1IC expression and increased TIL density is a potent prognostic factor for HNSCC patients.
  • These findings support the utility of immune biomarkers for treatment optimization in HNSCC.
  • Early outcomes suggest this composite biomarker can guide prognostic estimations in HNSCC management.