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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.

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Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
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Cleft lip and palate surgery simulator: Open source simulation model.

Cristian Teuber Lobos1, Benito K Benitez2,3,4, Yoriko Lill2,3,4

  • 1Department of Surgical Oncology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgery Division, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Heliyon
|April 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a low-cost, open-source 3D printed simulation model for cleft lip and palate surgery training. The hybrid model effectively teaches anatomy and surgical techniques, overcoming financial barriers in surgical education.

Keywords:
3-D printingCleft lipCleft palateMaxillofacial abnormalitiesMedical educationSurgical model

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Medical simulation
  • 3D printing technology

Background:

  • Cleft lip and palate is a common birth anomaly requiring early surgical intervention.
  • Limited access to surgical training models poses a challenge for craniofacial surgeons.
  • Cost-effective simulation tools are needed to enhance surgical education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an open-source, hybrid (casting and 3D printing) simulation model for cleft lip and palate surgery.
  • To assess the model's realism, utility, and cost-effectiveness for surgical training.
  • To provide an accessible training solution for surgeons, particularly during early career stages.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid simulation model was created using 3D printed molds for silicone casting of soft tissues and a bony structure.
  • The model was tested by trainees and expert surgeons at two international institutions.
  • Participants completed validity questionnaires to evaluate the model's realism and training value.

Main Results:

  • Over 70% of participants found the model accurately simulated human cleft tissues.
  • More than 60% agreed the model realistically replicated surgical procedures.
  • 80-90% deemed the model a useful tool for teaching cleft lip and palate anatomy and surgical techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The open-source protocol offers a cost-effective method for regular surgical training in cleft lip and palate repair.
  • This approach addresses financial limitations hindering access to commercial surgical models.
  • The simulation model facilitates the introduction of cleft morphology and surgical techniques to trainees.