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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
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Stroke Recovery-Related Changes in Cortical Reactivity Based on Modulation of Intracortical Inhibition.

Sylvain Harquel1,2, Andéol Cadic-Melchior1,2, Takuya Morishita1,2

  • 1Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute (INX), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland (S.H., A.C.-M., T.M., L.F., A.W., M.C., J.B., G.G.E., P.E., E.B., P.M., P.J.K., M.J.W., F.C.H.).

Stroke
|April 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Stroke recovery involves changes in brain excitation and inhibition. Early post-stroke disinhibition in the motor cortex is beneficial, promoting neuronal plasticity and improving motor function recovery.

Keywords:
cortical excitabilityelectroencephalographyevoked potentialmotor cortextranscranial magnetic stimulationupper extremity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Cortical excitation/inhibition dynamics are implicated in post-stroke recovery.
  • The precise role of these dynamics in recovery remains unclear.
  • This study investigates these mechanisms longitudinally in stroke patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine cortical reactivity and intracortical GABAergic inhibition after stroke.
  • To correlate these neurophysiological measures with motor function and recovery.
  • To elucidate the role of excitation/inhibition balance in stroke rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalography (EEG) coupling.
  • Acquired TMS-evoked potentials in patients at acute, early subacute, and late subacute stages.
  • Measured cortical reactivity, intracortical inhibition (short-interval intracortical inhibition), and signal complexity.

Main Results:

  • Stroke patients showed altered cortical reactivity (larger, simpler patterns) compared to controls.
  • High motor cortical excitability correlated with impairment severity.
  • Decreased excitability over time correlated with better motor recovery.
  • Beneficial disinhibition was observed in the acute stage, normalizing later.
  • Motor scores correlated with neurophysiological readouts.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal motor cortical reactivity in stroke is linked to intracortical inhibition changes.
  • Early post-stroke disinhibition in the ipsilesional motor cortex is beneficial.
  • This disinhibition promotes neuronal plasticity and aids motor recovery.