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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

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Published on: March 22, 2019

Mid-infrared single-photon upconversion spectroscopy enabled by nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping.

Yujie Cai¹, Yu Chen^1,2, Konstantin Dorfman^1,3,4,5

¹State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

Science Advances

|April 19, 2024

Summary

We developed a new mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy method using frequency upconversion. This technique achieves single-photon sensitivity, overcoming limitations of traditional MIR detectors for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

Quantum optics
Spectroscopy
Photonics

Background:

Ultrasensitive spectroscopy is crucial for mid-infrared (MIR) technology.
Existing MIR detectors face challenges in achieving robust single-photon level spectroscopy.
Limitations hinder sensitive analysis of materials and quantum systems in the MIR range.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a novel MIR single-photon frequency upconversion spectroscopy.
To overcome the limitations of conventional MIR detectors for single-photon spectroscopy.
To enable ultrasensitive spectral analysis in the MIR region.

Main Methods:

Frequency upconversion of broadband MIR photons to the near-infrared band while preserving quantum correlations.
Nonlocal mapping of MIR spectral information to the time domain using fiber group delay.
Demonstration of transmission spectra of polymers with single-photon sensitivity using single-pixel detectors.

Main Results:

Successful projection of MIR spectral information (2.76–3.94 µm bandwidth) to arrival times of correlated photon pairs.
Achieved single-photon sensitivity under high illumination conditions (6.4 × 10^6 photons/second).
Demonstrated transmission spectra of polymers, showcasing the method's capability.

Conclusions:

The developed approach circumvents scanning and frequency selection instability, offering robustness.
The technique is compatible with evolving environments and scalable for various wavelengths.
High sensitivity and robustness enable potential applications in biochemical sample characterization and quantum system measurements.