Recent advances in gold nanoparticles-based biosensors for tuberculosis determination

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a significant global health threat, exacerbated by drug-resistant strains.
• Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective TB management and control.
• Biosensors, particularly those utilizing nanomaterials, are emerging as cost-effective tools for rapid health diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diagnostic accuracy of gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based biosensors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) detection.
• To summarize and compare the structure, performance, advantages, and limitations of AuNP biosensors based on different transducer types.
• To highlight challenges in analytical performance and discuss strategies for improvement.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on AuNP-based biosensors for Mtb detection.
• Analysis of biosensor structures and performance metrics across various transducer platforms.
• Comparative evaluation of advantages, limitations, and analytical challenges.

Main Results:

• Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit favorable properties like high surface-to-volume ratio and conductivity, making them suitable for biosensor fabrication.
• AuNP-based biosensors demonstrate potential for sensitive and accelerated detection of Mtb.
• Performance varies significantly depending on the biosensor's transducer and design.

Conclusions:

• AuNP-based biosensors represent a promising avenue for improving the early diagnosis of tuberculosis.
• Further research is needed to overcome current analytical challenges and optimize biosensor performance for widespread clinical application.
• The unique properties of AuNPs offer significant advantages for developing next-generation TB diagnostic tools.