Age estimation using postmortem computed tomography-based Hounsfield unit values of the palate and mandibular condyle...

Area of Science:

• Forensic anthropology
• Radiology
• Dental anthropology

Background:

• Accurate age estimation is crucial for identifying unknown human remains in forensic science.
• Existing methods for age estimation have limitations, especially for diverse populations and older individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the correlation between age and Hounsfield Unit (HU) values of the palate and mandibular condyle using postmortem CT.
• To develop and validate an age estimation method for Japanese individuals, including older adults, incorporating occlusal support (Eichner classification).

Main Methods:

• Postmortem computed tomography (CT) scans of 657 Japanese individuals (357 training, 300 validation).
• Measurement of Hounsfield Unit (HU) values for the palate and mandibular condyle.
• Inclusion of Eichner classification (occlusal support) in regression analysis.
• Multiple stepwise regression analysis to determine the best age estimation formula.

Main Results:

• Significant positive correlations were found between age and HU values of the palate and mandibular condyle, irrespective of sex.
• Multiple regression analysis indicated that HU values of the palate, HU values of the mandibular condyle, and Eichner classification were significant predictors of age (sex was not).
• The derived age estimation formula demonstrated high accuracy in validation tests, especially for individuals aged 65 and older.

Conclusions:

• Hounsfield Unit values of the palate and mandibular condyle, combined with Eichner classification, provide a reliable method for age estimation in Japanese individuals.
• This CT-based approach offers a valuable tool for forensic investigations, particularly for estimating the age of unidentified remains in older populations.