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TPP-based conjugates: potential targeting ligands
Sanya Batheja1, Shruti Gupta2, Kiran Kumar Tejavath3
1Nanopolymeric Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India.
Abstract:
Mitochondria are one of the major sources of energy as well as regulators of cancer cell metabolism. Thus, they are potential targets for the effective treatment and management of cancer. Research has explored triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives as potent cancer-targeting ligands because of their lipophilic nature and mitochondrial affinity. In this review, we summarize the utility of TPP-based conjugates targeting mitochondria in different types of cancer and other diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Such conjugates offer versatile therapeutic potential by modulating membrane potential, influencing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and coupling of molecular modifications (such as ATP metabolism and energy metabolism). Thus, we highlight TPP conjugates as promising mitochondria-targeting agents for use in targeted drug delivery systems.
Insights
Triphenylphosphonium (TPP) conjugates target cancer cell mitochondria, offering therapeutic potential for various diseases. These TPP-based agents show promise in targeted drug delivery systems by modulating cellular energy metabolism.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Mitochondria are crucial for cancer cell energy and metabolism.
- Mitochondria are key targets for cancer treatment.
- Triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives show promise for cancer targeting due to lipophilicity and mitochondrial affinity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the utility of TPP-based conjugates targeting mitochondria.
- To explore their application in cancer and other diseases like neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders.
- To highlight TPP conjugates as potential agents for targeted drug delivery.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of TPP-based conjugates.
- Analysis of TPP conjugates' mechanisms of action.
- Summary of therapeutic applications in various diseases.
Main Results:
- TPP conjugates effectively target mitochondria.
- These conjugates modulate mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
- TPP conjugates influence ATP and energy metabolism.
Conclusions:
- TPP conjugates are versatile therapeutic agents.
- They offer significant potential for targeted drug delivery systems.
- TPP conjugates represent a promising strategy for treating cancer and other diseases by targeting mitochondria.
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