Annual Energy-Saving Smart Windows with Actively Controllable Passive Radiative Cooling and Multimode Heating...

Smart windows with radiative heat management capability using the sun and outer space as zero-energy thermodynamic resources have gained prominence, demonstrating a minimum carbon footprint. However, realizing on-demand thermal management throughout all seasons while reducing fossil energy consumption remains a formidable challenge. Herein, an energy-efficient smart window that enables actively tunable passive radiative cooling (PRC) and multimode heating regulation is demonstrated by integrating the emission-enhanced polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (SiO₂@PRC PDLC) film and a low-emission layer deposited with carbon nanotubes. Specifically, this device can achieve a temperature close to the chamber interior ambient under solar irradiance of 700 W m^-2, as well as a temperature drop of 2.3 °C at sunlight of 500 W m^-2, whose multistage PRC efficiency can be rapidly adjusted by a moderate voltage. Meanwhile, synchronous cooperation of passive radiative heating (PRH), solar heating (SH), and electric heating (EH) endows this smart window with the capability to handle complicated heating situations during cold weather. Energy simulation reveals the substantial superiority of this device in energy savings compared with single-layer SiO₂@PRC PDLC, normal glass, and commercial low-E glass when applied in different climate zones. This work provides a feasible pathway for year-round thermal management, presenting a huge potential in energy-saving applications.