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Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
In Schottky junctions, where the semiconductor is n-type, applying a positive voltage to the metal relative to the semiconductor reduces its Fermi...
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Electro-optic tuning in composite silicon photonics based on ferroionic 2D materials.

Ghada Dushaq1, Solomon Serunjogi2, Srinivasa R Tamalampudi2

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ghd1@nyu.edu.

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We demonstrate a new 2D material, CuCrP2S6 (CCPS), for tunable integrated photonics. CCPS shows a robust electro-refractive response in the near-infrared, enabling precise phase control with low loss for advanced optical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Tunable optical materials are crucial for integrated photonics, requiring precise control of the effective refractive index.
  • Existing 2D materials like TMDs and graphene show promise but face challenges in SWIR modulation, phase control, and low signal loss.
  • Achieving compact, efficient, and low-loss tunable optical components, especially for the SWIR region, remains a significant hurdle in optoelectronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electro-refractive response of multilayer ferroionic 2D CuCrP2S6 (CCPS) in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range.
  • To integrate CCPS into silicon photonics (SiPh) microring resonators (MRRs) for enhanced light-matter interaction and sensitive phase/absorption measurements.
  • To evaluate the modulation efficiency, optical losses, and polarization-dependent behavior of CCPS-based devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of silicon photonics microring resonators incorporating multilayer 2D CCPS.
  • Electrical modulation of CCPS via ion movement to induce changes in the effective refractive index.
  • Characterization of optical transmission spectra to measure resonance shifts, extinction ratios, and linewidths.
  • Analysis of polarization-dependent electro-optic tuning sensitivity for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a robust electro-refractive response in CCPS, tuning the effective refractive index by 2.8 × 10^-3 RIU.
  • Achieved low optical losses and an excellent modulation efficiency of 0.25 V·cm, outperforming TMD-based phase shifters.
  • Observed a consistent blue shift in resonance wavelengths for both polarities of applied voltage and distinct polarization-dependent tuning sensitivities.

Conclusions:

  • Multilayer 2D CCPS exhibits significant potential as a tunable optical material for integrated photonics applications.
  • The demonstrated electro-optic and ionotronic capabilities of CCPS offer a pathway for advanced optical switching, sensing, and neuromorphic computing.
  • CCPS-based devices provide a promising platform for future optoelectronic systems requiring precise light manipulation and low-loss phase control.